Motor vehicle and Pedal Cycle Conspicuity – Part 3, Vehicle Mounted Warning Beacons* 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					
							
							
						
						
						
						
						Cook, S. Quigley, C. Clift, L. – June 1999  PDF 1.3Mb 
							
							
						
						
						
						
						
							
							
						
						
						
						
						
								
								
							
							
							
							
							  
								
								
							
							
							
							
							 
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Keeping Officers Safe on the Road 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Pearsall, B. – NIJ Journal Issue 265
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Conspicuity of aids to navigation – 1. temporal patterns for flashing lights
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Laxar, K. Benoit, S. – Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory – May 1993
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Green Warning Lights PowerPoint
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Young, R. – Fremantle Hospital, Western Australia
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Seeing the Light – the science of choosing proper emergency lighting for patrol cars*
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Molnar, J. – Law Officer Magazine – March 2008
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Reactions to emergency lights
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Karczewski, M. – Police Fleet Manager Magazine, January 2002
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Emergency Lights for Slicktop Vehicles
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Police Fleet Manager Magazine – April 2009
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Color Identification in the Visual periphery: 
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Consequences of Color coding of vehicle signals
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Sivak, M. Flannagan, M. Miyokawa, T. Traube, E. – UMTRI, July 1999
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Effects of Warning Lamp Color and Intensity on Driver Vision*
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Flannagan, M. Blower, D. Devonshire, J. – UMTRI, October 2008 
						
						
					
					
					
					
					
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
						
						
					
					
					
					
					
							
						
						
						
						
						What’s Flashing before your Eyes?
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Roads and Bridges – July 2000
						
						
					
					
					
					
					
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
						
						
					
					
					
					
					
							
						
						
						
						
						Report on the CIE workshop: Photometry of Flashing Lights*
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Poland,  June 1999
						
						
					
					
					
					
					  
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					
							
							
						
						
						
						
						Improving the Ability of Drivers to Avoid Collisions with Snowploughs in Fog and Snow*
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					
							
							
						
						
						
						
						Yonas, A. Zimmerman, L. – University of Minnesota – July 2006
					
					
				
				
				
				
				  
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Rear Lighting Configurations for Winter Maintenance Vehicles 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Bullough, J. Rea, M. Pysar, R. Nakhla, H. Amsler, D. – August 2001
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Emergency warning lights and parking procedures
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Faugh, R – Fire Police website
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
					
					
					
					
					Efficacy of Rectangular-shaped Rapid Flash LED beacons
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Houten, R. Malenfant, J. – 1.3Mb
					
					
				
				
				
				
				  
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Motor Vehicle Conspicuity – Warning Beacons*
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					48th GRE – April 2002 – PDF 322Kb
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Let’s/LED’s go for quality
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
					
					
					
					
					
							
							
						
						
						
						
						Processing of a flashing display by younger and older drivers  
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Flannagan, M. Schumman, J, Sivak, M. Mefford, M. – UMITI 
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
					
					
				
				
				
				
				  
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Improving the ability of drivers to avoid collisions with snowploughs in fog and snow
				
				
			
			
			
			
			Yonas, A. Zimmerman, L. – July 2006 – PDF
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Enhanced aircraft conspicuity to reduce runway incursions
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Gallagher, W. – USDOT – April 2007 – PDF 177Kb
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Simple reaction time as a function of luminance for various wavelengths
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Lit, A. Young, R. Scaffer, M. – perception & Psychophysics 1971 – PDF 586Kb
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Safety and effectiveness of emergency vehicle lighting
				
				
			
			
			
			
			Dunn, K. Tunnicliff, D. – Sydney, 2005
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Conspicuity of aids to navigation; temporal patterns of flashing lights
				
				
			
			
			
			
			Benoit, S. Laxar, K. – May 1993
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Law Enforcement Stops and Safety Subcommittee – 2006 Staff Report
				
				
			
			
			
			
			PDF
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Conspicuity – Police Association of Ontario Magazine
				
				
			
			
			
			
			PDF
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Police Vehicles and Lights
				
				
			
			
			
			
			Faugh, J. – January 2006 – Google Docs 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Vehicle conspicuity – a matter of life and death
				
				
			
			
			
			
			Fire & Rescue magazine – January 2007
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Daytime Running Lights
				
				
			
			
			
			
			National Roads Association
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
				
				
				
				
				Eight reasons to oppose daytime running lights
				
				
			
			
			
			
			National Motorists Association
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Emergency Vehicle Warning Systems
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Rubin, A. and Howitt, G.
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Reducing work zone crashes by using vehicle’s warning flashers as a warning sign
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Yong Bai and Yingfeng Li
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				LED lighting for snowploughs and related maintenance and construction vehicles* 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				Vogt, T. and Miller, K.
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					How to safely use emergency lights
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Yates, T – PoliceOne.com 2009
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					 
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Police vehicles and lights
				
				
			
			
			
			
			
					
					
				
				
				
				
				
						
						
					
					
					
					
					Faugh, J